**AP Biology Evolution flashcard

Front

What techniques do scientists use to determine phylogenetic relationships?

Back

Scientists use techniques such as comparing fossils, bone structures, behavior, and molecular biology.

Front

What hypothesis can be tested using phylogenetic techniques?

Back

Evidence of common ancestors can be determined.

Front

What type of evolution is demonstrated by differences in sparrow songs among similar species?

Back

Behavioral evolution.

Front

What are homologous structures?

Back

Structures that are similar in different species due to common ancestry, such as the forelimbs of rabbits and birds.

Front

What is the significance of the sickle cell trait in relation to malaria?

Back

The sickle cell trait can increase the fitness of individuals who are heterozygous for the trait, providing resistance to malaria.

Front

What is antibiotic resistance?

Back

Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to survive and reproduce despite the presence of antibiotics, often due to natural selection.

Front

Define natural selection.

Back

Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What is adaptive evolution?

Back

Adaptive evolution refers to changes in a population that enhance survival and reproduction in a specific environment.

Front

What are convergent evolution and its example?

Back

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, such as the wings of bats and birds.

Front

What is reproductive isolation?

Back

Reproductive isolation is a mechanism that prevents species from mating and producing viable offspring, leading to speciation.