Front

What are short-term climate factors?

Back

Short-term climate factors are environmental conditions that influence weather patterns over a short period, typically days to months. They include phenomena like El Niño, volcanic eruptions, and seasonal changes.

Front

What is the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?

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ENSO is a climate pattern that describes the fluctuations in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the east-central Pacific Ocean, affecting global weather patterns.

Front

What is the primary effect of volcanic eruptions on climate?

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Volcanic eruptions primarily cause a cooling effect on global temperatures due to aerosols and ash blocking sunlight.

Front

How much does the total amount of radiation Earth receives vary over the sun's cycle?

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The total amount of radiation Earth receives varies by approximately 0.25 W/m² over the sun's cycle.

Front

What is the net effect of human activities on Earth's surface energy budget?

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Human activities have a net warming effect of over 2 W/m² on Earth's surface energy budget.

Front

What role do aerosols play in climate?

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Aerosols can cool the Earth's surface by reflecting sunlight back into space and by affecting cloud formation.

Front

What is the greenhouse effect?

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The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, keeping the planet warm enough to support life.

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What is a climate anomaly?

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A climate anomaly is a deviation from the average climate conditions, which can indicate changes in weather patterns.

Front

How do ocean currents affect climate?

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Ocean currents distribute heat around the planet, influencing regional climates and weather patterns.

Front

What is the significance of the Gulf Stream?

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The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that significantly affects the climate of the eastern United States and Western Europe.