Meiosis Review

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four genetically diverse gametes (sperm or egg cells).

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What is crossing over?

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Crossing over is the process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material, leading to genetic variation.

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What are gametes?

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Gametes are reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that contain half the genetic material of an organism.

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What is a zygote?

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A zygote is the fertilized egg that results from the union of a sperm and an egg.

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What is fertilization?

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Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell and an egg cell combine to form a zygote.

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What is genetic variation?

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Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals, which can result from processes like crossing over during meiosis.

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What is the role of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?

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Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles; they are crucial for genetic recombination during meiosis.

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What happens during the first meiotic division?

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During the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells, reducing the chromosome number by half.

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What is the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

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Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction as it produces gametes with half the genetic material, allowing for genetic diversity in offspring.

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What is independent assortment?

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Independent assortment is the random distribution of homologous chromosomes to gametes during meiosis, contributing to genetic variation.