Western Civilization Term 2

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Spanish adventurers, such as Cortes and Pizarro who conquered Central & South America in the 16th century

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Conquistadors

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ethnic identity developed as a result of mixing European & African peoples in the Americas

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Creole

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political philosophy that stressed the divine right theory of kingship; the French king Louis XIV was the classic example

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absolutism

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16th century European movement during which Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, and others broke away from the Catholic Church

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Protestan Reformation

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18th century philosophical movement that began in France; its emphasis was on the pre-eminence of reason rather than faith or tradition; it spread concepts from the Scientific Revolution

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Enlightenment

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an Enlightenment view that accepted the existence of a god but denied the supernatural aspects of Christianity; in this, the universe was an orderly realm maintained by rational and natural laws

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Deism

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urban working class in a modern industrial society

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proletariat

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19th century philosophy "survival of the fittest" to the social and political realm; adherents saw the elimination of weaker nations as part of a natural process and used the philosophy to justify war

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social Darwinism

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national movement for the return of Jewish people to the historic land of Israel, founded in the 1890s

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Zionism

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term associated with the expansion of European powers and their conquest and colonization of African and Asian societies, mainly from the 16th - 19th century

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imperialism