Key Terms and Concepts

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Millet

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A community of non-Muslim people organized according to religion in which minority groups held a limited amount of power to rule themselves.

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Surname

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The family name familiar to the members of a family.

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Autocrat

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A person who rules with unlimited authority.

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Veto

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To prohibit or refuse to approve.

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Zionism

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A nationalist movement that called for Europe’s Jews to move to their ancient homeland, namely, the belief in the right to self-determination for the Jewish people.

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Plebiscite

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A direct “yes” or “no” vote by the people of a country on a matter of national importance.

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Hajj

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In Islam, the pilgrimage to Mecca that is prescribed as a religious duty for Muslims.

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Martial law

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Military control of an area in place of civilian authorities; usually authorized by a government in emergencies when local law enforcement agencies cannot maintain public order and safety.