Unit 7 Biology

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What are membrane-bound organelles?

Back

Membrane-bound organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that are enclosed by membranes, allowing them to perform distinct functions, such as energy production (mitochondria) and protein synthesis (ribosomes).

Front

What is the significance of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they convert metabolic energy from nutrients into ATP, which is used for various cellular processes.

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What is a phylogenetic tree?

Back

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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What does it mean for species to share a common ancestor?

Back

When species share a common ancestor, it means they have evolved from a single species that existed in the past, leading to the diversity of life we see today.

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What are telomeres and their function?

Back

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that protect the chromosome from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes during cell division.

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How does natural selection contribute to speciation?

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Natural selection leads to speciation by favoring traits that enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments, causing populations to diverge over time.

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What is gene flow?

Back

Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material between populations, which can introduce new genetic variation and reduce differences between populations.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in cells?

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Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

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Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.

Front

What is the importance of fossil location in evolutionary studies?

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Fossil location helps scientists understand the historical distribution of species and their evolutionary relationships based on geographical and environmental factors.