Ancient Sparta

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Lacedaemonia/Laconia

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The region of ancient Greece that includes the city-state of Sparta, known for its militaristic society and strict social system.

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The Great Rhetra

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The constitution or foundational laws attributed to Lycurgus that helped establish the Spartan political system.

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Dyarchy

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A dual monarchy, a system of government where two kings ruled simultaneously, as in Sparta.

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Dyarch

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A king in a dyarchy system, specifically referring to the two kings of Sparta.

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Gerousia

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The council of elders in Sparta, consisting of 28 men over the age of 60, plus the two kings, responsible for advising the kings and preparing laws for the Apella (Spartan assembly).

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Ephors

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Five elected officials in Sparta who held significant power, overseeing the kings and enforcing laws.

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Ephorate

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The office or term of the ephors in Sparta, responsible for various aspects of government and law enforcement.

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Kratos

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The concept of power or rule, particularly in the context of governance or military control.

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Kleroi/Kleros

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The allotments of land distributed to Spartan citizens (Homoioi) to ensure their economic independence and military readiness.

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Syssition (pl. syssitia)

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The communal dining groups in Sparta where Spartan citizens would gather to eat and bond, a key part of Spartan society and military culture.