Biology AS Unit 11 Immunity

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What does 'self' refer to in the context of the immune system?

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Substances produced by the body that the immune system does not recognize as foreign, thus they do not stimulate an immune response.

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What is passive immunity?

Back

The temporary immunity gained without an immune response, often through maternal antibodies.

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What is vaccination?

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The process of giving a vaccine containing antigens for a disease, either by injection or by mouth, which confers artificial active immunity without the development of symptoms of the disease.

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What is natural passive immunity?

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Immunity gained by a fetus when maternal antibodies cross the placenta or by an infant from breast milk.

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What is a cytokine?

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Any signaling molecule released by cells to influence the growth and/or differentiation of the same or another cell.

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What is artificial active immunity?

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Immunity that develops after exposure to a vaccine, leading to the production of antibodies.

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What is herd immunity?

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A form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune.

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What are T-helper cells?

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A type of T cell that plays an important role in the immune system, helping to activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

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What are B memory cells?

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Long-lived immune cells that remember past infections and can respond quickly upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

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What is a plasma cell?

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A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to help fight infections.