Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle Study Guide

Front

What are gap junctions?

Back

Gap junctions are specialized intercellular connections that allow direct communication between adjacent animal cells by permitting the passage of ions and small molecules.

Front

What are plasmodesmata?

Back

Plasmodesmata are channels that traverse the cell walls of plant cells, allowing for transport and communication between them.

Front

What is the role of the final molecule in a signal transduction pathway?

Back

The final molecule in a signal transduction pathway can act as a transcription factor, turning genes on or off to alter cellular processes.

Front

What is the G0 phase in the cell cycle?

Back

G0 is a non-dividing and dormant state that a cell enters when it does not pass the G1 checkpoint, often seen in damaged or nerve cells.

Front

How do signals pass from outside to inside a cell?

Back

Signals are passed through a receptor, relayed by protein kinases, and amplified by second messengers.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling is a form of cell communication where cells secrete signaling molecules that affect nearby target cells.

Front

What is synaptic signaling?

Back

Synaptic signaling is a type of communication that occurs in the nervous system, where neurotransmitters are released from neurons to communicate with other neurons or target cells.

Front

What is the difference between paracrine and synaptic signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling occurs over short distances affecting nearby cells, while synaptic signaling occurs across synapses in the nervous system.

Front

What is a receptor in cell signaling?

Back

A receptor is a protein molecule that receives and responds to a signaling molecule, initiating a cellular response.

Front

What are second messengers?

Back

Second messengers are small molecules that relay signals received by receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.