Pharmacology Part 2

Front

Which type of insulin has the fastest onset of action? Options: Regular insulin, NPH insulin, Lispro insulin, Detemir insulin

Back

Lispro insulin

Answer explanation

Lispro insulin has the fastest onset of action among the options, typically starting to work within 15 minutes, compared to Regular insulin (30 min), NPH insulin (1-2 hours), and Detemir insulin (1-2 hours).

Front

Which insulin has no peak and provides a steady level of insulin?

Back

Glargine

Answer explanation

Glargine is a long-acting insulin that provides a steady level of insulin without a peak, making it ideal for maintaining baseline insulin levels throughout the day.

Front

Which medication is commonly used for hypothyroidism? Options: Methimazole, Propylthiouracil, Levothyroxine (Synthroid), Atropine

Back

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Answer explanation

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism, as it replaces the deficient thyroid hormone. Methimazole and Propylthiouracil are used for hyperthyroidism, while Atropine is unrelated to thyroid function.

Front

What is a serious adverse effect of methimazole?

Back

Agranulocytosis

Answer explanation

Agranulocytosis is a serious adverse effect of methimazole, characterized by a dangerously low white blood cell count, increasing the risk of infections. Other options like hypoglycemia, hypertension, and bradycardia are not associated.

Front

Which of the following is a key adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid use? Hyperkalemia, Osteoporosis, Weight loss, Hypoglycemia

Back

Osteoporosis

Answer explanation

Long-term corticosteroid use can lead to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weakened bones and increased fracture risk. Other options like hyperkalemia, weight loss, and hypoglycemia are not typical adverse effects of corticosteroids.

Front

What is a nursing teaching point for a patient taking corticosteroids?

Back

Taper the dose gradually when stopping.

Answer explanation

Tapering the dose gradually when stopping corticosteroids is crucial to prevent withdrawal symptoms and allow the body to adjust. Abrupt cessation can lead to adrenal insufficiency, making this teaching point essential.

Front

Which of the following is a beta-blocker? Dobutamine, Bethanechol, Atenolol, Atropine

Back

Atenolol

Answer explanation

Atenolol is a beta-blocker used to manage hypertension and heart conditions. In contrast, dobutamine is a positive inotrope, bethanechol is a cholinergic agent, and atropine is an anticholinergic drug.

Front

Which of the following is an expected effect of adrenergic agonists? Increased heart rate, Bronchoconstriction, Decreased blood pressure, Decreased cardiac output

Back

Increased heart rate

Answer explanation

Adrenergic agonists stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased heart rate. This effect is due to the activation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, enhancing cardiac output and heart rate.

Front

What is the primary action of cholinergic agonists like bethanechol?

Back

Promote urination

Answer explanation

Cholinergic agonists like bethanechol primarily stimulate the bladder, promoting urination. They do not increase heart rate, cause constipation, or induce hypertension.

Front

What is an expected side effect of atropine sulfate?

Back

Blurred vision

Answer explanation

Atropine sulfate is an anticholinergic agent that can cause blurred vision due to its effects on the eye muscles. Increased salivation and diarrhea are not expected side effects, and bradycardia is actually counteracted by atropine.