Hypothesis Testing Flashcard

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What is the alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

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The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference. For example, Ha: The average number of books read by a student is lower than 3 books (Ha: µ < 3 books).

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What is the level of significance in hypothesis testing?

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The level of significance (α) is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. Commonly used levels are α=0.05 for a one-tailed test.

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What test statistic is used for hypothesis testing when the sample size is small?

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The t-test is used as the test statistic when the sample size is small and the population standard deviation is unknown.

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What is the formula for the t-test statistic?

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What does the critical value (C.V) represent in hypothesis testing?

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The critical value (C.V) is a threshold that determines whether to reject the null hypothesis. It is based on the level of significance and the type of test.

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What is a one-tailed test?

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A one-tailed test is a hypothesis test that evaluates the direction of the effect, either greater than or less than a certain value.

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What is a two-tailed test?

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A two-tailed test is a hypothesis test that evaluates whether a parameter is significantly different from a specified value in either direction.

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What is the null hypothesis (H0)?

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The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference. It serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is the difference between Type I and Type II errors?

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Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is true. Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is false.

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What is the p-value in hypothesis testing?

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The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.