WHAP Time Period 1

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Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization

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hunting and gathering

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Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups

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civilization

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The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished

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neolithic

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livestock herding societies that do not have a permanent settlement, normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies

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nomadic societies

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Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction

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culture

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Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture

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agrarian revolution

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A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies

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pastoralism

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Early urban culture/civilization based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification

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Catal Huyuk

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From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing

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Bronze Age

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Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys

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Mesopotamia