AP Biology: Unit 6: 1-4 Flashcard

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What are the types of mutations?

Back

The main types of mutations are substitution, deletion, insertion, and frameshift mutations.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into proteins.

Front

What are base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the structure of prokaryotic DNA?

Back

Prokaryotic DNA is typically circular and located in the nucleoid region.

Front

What is the structure of eukaryotic DNA?

Back

Eukaryotic DNA is linear and organized into chromosomes within a nucleus.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that pairs with a corresponding codon on mRNA.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, facilitating the translation of mRNA into amino acids.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.