Unit 12: Inherited Traits

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Adaptation

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A trait or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

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Behavioral adaptation

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A way an organism acts or behaves that helps it survive, like birds migrating or wolves hunting in packs.

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Function

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The job or purpose of something in a system, like how lungs help with breathing.

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Generation

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A group of organisms born and living around the same time; for example, parents and their children are from different generations

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Natural selection

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A process where organisms with helpful traits survive and reproduce more, passing those traits to their offspring over time

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Phenotype

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The physical traits of an organism, like eye color or fur pattern, which come from its genes and environment

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Physiological adaptation

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A change inside an organism’s body that helps it survive, like a snake making venom or humans sweating to cool down

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Population

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A group of the same species living in the same area, like a herd of deer in a forest

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Species

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A group of living things that can breed and have offspring that can also reproduce, like dogs or oak trees.

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Structure

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A part of an organism, like wings on a bird or roots on a plant, that helps it survive.