BIO.7BC Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

Gene expression

Back

Gene expression describes the processes by which the information in a gene is put to work, often involving transcription into RNA and translation into proteins.

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Transcription process

Back

During transcription, the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA is used to synthesize a strand of RNA.

Front

How is RNA different from DNA?

Back

RNA is single-stranded, uses uracil instead of thymine, and contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose.

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Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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mRNA is the RNA strand formed during transcription that carries the genetic code for a protein.

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Translation process

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During translation, mRNA is used in the ribosome to assemble a linear sequence of amino acids into a protein.

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Codons

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Codons are groups of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that the cell reads to assemble amino acids.

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Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome, where they are linked into a polypeptide chain.

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Anticodon

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An anticodon is a set of three unpaired bases on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.

Front

The process of protein synthesis

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The diagram illustrates transcription and translation processes, showing DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes.

Front

The genetic code is based on how many bases found in RNA?

Back

Four bases: A, C, G, and U.