Statistical Test Selection Flashcard

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What is a t-interval for the slope of a regression line?

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A statistical method used to estimate the range of values for the slope of a regression line, indicating how much the dependent variable is expected to increase or decrease with a one-unit increase in the independent variable.

Front

When should a two-sample z-test for a difference in proportions be used?

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It is used when comparing the proportions of a certain characteristic between two independent groups.

Front

What is the purpose of a two-sample z-interval for proportions?

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To estimate the difference between the proportions of two independent groups, providing a confidence interval for that difference.

Front

What does a paired t-test for means assess?

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It assesses whether the means of two related groups are significantly different, often used in before-and-after studies.

Front

What is the chi-square test for independence?

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A statistical test used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables.

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What is the difference between a one-sample z-test for a proportion and a two-sample z-test for proportions?

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A one-sample z-test compares a sample proportion to a known population proportion, while a two-sample z-test compares the proportions from two independent samples.

Front

What is the significance of the p-value in hypothesis testing?

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The p-value indicates the probability of observing the test results under the null hypothesis; a low p-value suggests that the null hypothesis may be rejected.

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What is the null hypothesis in the context of statistical tests?

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The null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, serving as a starting point for statistical testing.

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What does it mean if a test result is statistically significant?

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It means that the observed effect is unlikely to have occurred by chance, typically indicated by a p-value less than a predetermined significance level (e.g., 0.05).

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What is the role of sample size in statistical testing?

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Larger sample sizes generally provide more reliable estimates and increase the power of a statistical test to detect an effect.