Unit 8 Review: Acids and Bases

Front

What is a buffer solution?

Back

A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or a base are added. It typically consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base.

Front

What is the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of acetic acid (CH₃COOH)?

Back

CH₃COOH(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + CH₃COO⁻(aq)

Front

How do you calculate pH from [H⁺]?

Back

pH = -log[H⁺]. For example, if [H⁺] = 9.3x10⁻¹¹, then pH = 10.0.

Front

What is the relationship between pH and pOH?

Back

pH + pOH = 14. This relationship helps in calculating one from the other.

Front

What is the significance of Ka in acid-base chemistry?

Back

Ka is the acid dissociation constant, which measures the strength of an acid in solution. A higher Ka value indicates a stronger acid.

Front

What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?

Back

The pH of a neutral solution at 25°C is 7.0.

Front

What is the formula for calculating the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH⁻] from pH?

Back

[OH⁻] = 10^(−14) / [H⁺]. You can find [OH⁻] if you know the pH.

Front

What is the role of sodium acetate in a buffer solution with acetic acid?

Back

Sodium acetate provides the conjugate base (CH₃COO⁻) that reacts with added acids to maintain pH.

Front

What is the pH range for a buffer solution?

Back

A buffer solution typically maintains a pH range of about 6.0 to 8.0, depending on the components used.

Front

What is the result of adding a strong base to a buffer solution?

Back

Adding a strong base to a buffer solution will cause only a small change in pH due to the buffer's ability to neutralize the added base.