Hypothesis Testing

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What is Hypothesis Testing?

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A statistical method used to make decisions about the validity of a hypothesis based on sample data.

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What is a Null Hypothesis (H0)?

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A statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)?

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A statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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What does a P-value represent?

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The probability of obtaining the observed results, or more extreme, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean to 'reject the null hypothesis'?

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It means that the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis is unlikely to be true, leading to support for the alternative hypothesis.

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What is the significance level (alpha)?

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The threshold probability for rejecting the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05.

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What is a Type I error?

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The error made when the null hypothesis is true but is incorrectly rejected.

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What is a Type II error?

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The error made when the null hypothesis is false but is incorrectly failed to be rejected.

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What does it mean if the P-value is less than alpha?

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It indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to its rejection.

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What does it mean if the P-value is greater than alpha?

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It indicates insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.