Costandi EOC Biology Exam Review

Front

What is the optimum reaction rate of an enzyme?

Back

The optimum reaction rate of an enzyme is the highest rate of reaction that occurs at a specific temperature or pH, where the enzyme functions most efficiently.

Front

What is activation energy?

Back

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

Front

What is the significance of DNA length in coding for proteins?

Back

The length of DNA correlates with the size of the protein it codes for; longer DNA sequences can code for larger proteins.

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

What is antibiotic resistance?

Back

Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics that would normally kill them or inhibit their growth.

Front

How do mutations occur in bacteria?

Back

Mutations in bacteria can occur during DNA replication, leading to changes in the genetic material that may confer advantages such as antibiotic resistance.

Front

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Back

A prokaryotic cell is a simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts in biological reactions, speeding up the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is the relationship between temperature and enzyme activity?

Back

Enzyme activity typically increases with temperature up to a certain point (optimum temperature), after which activity decreases due to denaturation.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.