AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Front

What are chromosomes?

Back

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA and proteins. They condense during cell division and are responsible for the transmission of genetic information.

Front

What role do membrane proteins play in the cell cycle?

Back

Membrane proteins are involved in density-dependent inhibition, which regulates cell growth and division based on cell density.

Front

What is the consequence of defective protein phosphatases?

Back

Defective protein phosphatases can lead to cancerous cells growing uncontrollably because the cell cycle cannot shut down.

Front

What phase follows metaphase in mitosis?

Back

Anaphase follows metaphase in mitosis, where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Front

What is a catabolic reaction?

Back

A catabolic reaction is a metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler components, releasing energy in the process.

Front

What is the function of centromeres?

Back

Centromeres are the regions of chromosomes where sister chromatids are joined together and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Front

Define density-dependent inhibition.

Back

Density-dependent inhibition is a regulatory mechanism in which cell division slows or stops when cells become crowded.

Front

What happens during anaphase?

Back

During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each new cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Front

What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions?

Back

Catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy, while anabolic reactions build complex molecules from simpler ones and require energy.

Front

What is the role of spindle fibers in mitosis?

Back

Spindle fibers are structures that help separate the chromosomes during cell division by attaching to the centromeres and pulling the chromatids apart.