Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins, translating the genetic code into amino acids.

Front

What are the four bases of RNA?

Back

The four bases of RNA are adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What base pairs with adenine (A) in RNA?

Back

In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U).

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

How many nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid?

Back

Three nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid.

Front

What is a replication bubble?

Back

A replication bubble is a region of DNA where the double helix is unwound and replication is occurring.

Front

Why is the order of amino acids in a protein important?

Back

The order of amino acids determines the protein's structure and function; even a single change can affect its activity.

Front

What amino acid is represented by the codon AUG?

Back

The codon AUG represents the amino acid Methionine.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.