DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself, resulting in two identical DNA molecules, each containing one old strand and one new strand.

Front

What are the roles of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase is an enzyme that unwinds and separates the two strands of the DNA double helix, allowing each strand to be copied.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during DNA replication.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, where the DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Back

Translation occurs in the ribosome, where the mRNA sequence is translated into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar. Additionally, RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).

Front

What is the significance of the promoter region in transcription?

Back

The promoter region is a specific sequence of DNA that signals the start of transcription and is recognized by RNA polymerase.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.