AP Biology Evolution Review-Midterm

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What is natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

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What is stabilizing selection?

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Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that favors average individuals in a population, reducing variation.

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What is directional selection?

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Directional selection is a type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over the other, leading to a shift in the population's traits.

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What is disruptive selection?

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Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes at both ends of the spectrum, leading to increased variation.

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What is a cladogram?

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A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on shared characteristics.

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What is the founder effect?

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The founder effect occurs when a small group from a larger population establishes a new population, leading to reduced genetic diversity.

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What is gene flow?

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Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material between populations, which can introduce new genetic variation.

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What is mutation in the context of evolution?

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Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can introduce new genetic variation into a population.

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What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

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The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

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What is genetic drift?

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Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, often having a more significant effect in small populations.