Sociology Ch 18- Deviance

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It simply means being non-normative, different. It's anything that deviates from what people generally accept as normal.

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deviance

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Attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behaviors in ways that limit, or punish, deviance.

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social control

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Negative social reactions to deviance.

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negative sanctions

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Affirmative reactions to deviance, usually in response to conformity.

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positive sanctions

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When norms are codified into law, and violation almost always results in negative sanctions from the criminal justice system -- the police, the courts, and the prison system.

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formal sanctions

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______________________________ were based on the idea that something about a person's essential biology made them deviant.

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biologically essentialist explanations of deviance

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Who theorized that deviants were basically subhuman, throwbacks to a more primitive version of humanity? (He went so far as to suggest that deviants could be singled out based on physical characteristics, like a low forehead, stocky build, and prominent jaw and cheekbones, all of which he saw as reminiscent of our primate cousins.)

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Cesare Lombroso

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What approach places almost all the explanatory power in a person's environment and sees deviance as a matter of improper or failed socialization?

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psychology approach to deviance-psychologists

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The idea that deviance is essentially a matter of impulse control or having a personality that contains deviant actions.

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containment theory

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Both biological and psychological explanations link criminal deviance to individual factors -- either of body or of mind -- while leaving out other important factors, like peer influence or what opportunities for deviance different people might be exposed to. Both only understand deviance as a matter of abnormality. Neither biology nor psychology can answer the question of why the things that are deviant are considered deviant in the first place.

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True