C7 Review-Extending Mendelian Genetics

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What is gene expression?

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Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically proteins, which influence an organism's traits.

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What factors can influence gene expression?

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Factors that can influence gene expression include environmental conditions, regulatory proteins, and epigenetic modifications.

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What is the probability of a child inheriting a dominant genetic disorder if both parents are heterozygous (Gg)?

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There is a 75% chance that any child will inherit the disorder.

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What does it mean if a trait is recessive?

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A recessive trait is one that is expressed only when two copies of the recessive allele are present (homozygous).

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present for a particular gene.

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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What is a polygenic trait?

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A polygenic trait is a characteristic that is influenced by multiple genes, resulting in a continuous range of phenotypes, such as human height.

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What is the difference between autosomal and sex-linked traits?

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Autosomal traits are determined by genes located on non-sex chromosomes, while sex-linked traits are determined by genes located on sex chromosomes.

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What does it mean for a trait to be sex-linked?

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A sex-linked trait is one that is associated with a gene located on a sex chromosome, often affecting males and females differently.

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What is a carrier in genetics?

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A carrier is an individual who has one copy of a recessive allele for a genetic trait but does not exhibit the trait themselves.