AP Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

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Civil liberties are best described as

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protections of specific citizens' rights from encroachment by the government.

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Which of the following correctly describes the concept of prior restraint? The government attempting to prevent something from being published by the press, The right of individuals to plan, coordinate, and execute peaceful methods of protest, The punishment of individuals for making statements critical of the government, The Supreme Court blocking government action on the grounds that it is unconstitutional

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The government attempting to prevent something from being published by the press

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When the process of incorporation is referred to as "selective," it is in reference to the fact that

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incorporation has happened on an amendment-by-amendment basis.

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Dr. Martin Luther King's message in "Letter from Birmingham Jail" was heavily insistent upon which of the following? Using the Women's Rights movement as a model for African Americans, Why grandfather clauses and poll taxes should be illegal, The importance of due process, Civil disobedience as a means to achieve a goal

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Civil disobedience as a means to achieve a goal

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As part of the Women's Right Movement, Title IX attempted to take the concept of equal protection under the law and extend it to the realm of

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educational programs.

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A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures (political spending) by corporations, associations, and labor unions is free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Upheld bans on direct contributions to candidates. Lead to creation of super PACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering. What is this case?

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Citizens United v. FEC

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A 1989 case in which the Supreme Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

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Texas v. Johnson

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A 1919 U.S. Supreme Court decision concerning the question of whether the defendant possessed a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. Court ruled that speech may be punished if it creates a "Clear and present danger" of illegal acts.

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Schenck v. U.S.

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Martin Luther King's 1963 response to Alabama clergy regarding his protest; letter written from his cell in Birmingham where he was arrested for a non-violent protest; King wrote about what makes laws 'just or unjust'; said that "injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere". He was disappointed more white Christians and religious leaders didn't speak out against racism.

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Letter from Birmingham Jail

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Power of a government to take private property for public use.

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Eminent Domain