Hypothesis Testing 9.1 Diaz

Front

What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H₀) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

Front

What is an alternative hypothesis (H₁ or Hₐ)?

Back

The alternative hypothesis (H₁ or Hₐ) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

Front

What does it mean if Hₐ: p ≠ k?

Back

It means that the true proportion p is different from k, indicating a two-tailed test.

Front

What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

Back

The significance level (α) is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true, commonly set at 0.05.

Front

What is a Type I error?

Back

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is true.

Front

What is a Type II error?

Back

A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is false.

Front

What is a test statistic?

Back

A test statistic is a standardized value that is calculated from sample data during a hypothesis test, used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.

Front

What is the first step in hypothesis testing?

Back

The first step in hypothesis testing is to state the null and alternative hypotheses.

Front

What does it mean to 'fail to reject' the null hypothesis?

Back

Failing to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

Front

What is a p-value?

Back

A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.