Quantum Field Theory Concepts p1

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Quantum Field Theory (QFT)

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A theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics and special relativity to describe how fields and particles interact.

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Field

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A physical quantity assigned a value at every point in space and time.

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Quantum

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The smallest possible discrete unit of any physical property, often relating to fields or energy levels.

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Particle

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A quantized excitation of a field, observed as a discrete entity like an electron or photon.

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Antiparticle

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The counterpart of a particle, having opposite charge or quantum numbers.

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Lagrangian

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A function summarizing the dynamics of a field, used to derive its equations of motion.

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Hamiltonian

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The operator corresponding to the total energy of a system in quantum mechanics and field theory.

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Feynman Diagram

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A graphical representation of the interactions between particles in quantum field theory.

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Vacuum State

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The lowest-energy, ground state of a quantum field with no real particles present.

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Virtual Particle

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A temporary fluctuation that appears in calculations but is not directly observable.