Biology SOL Review #1

Front

What is the enzyme-substrate complex?

Back

The enzyme-substrate complex is a temporary molecule formed when an enzyme comes into perfect contact with its substrate. It is crucial for catalyzing biochemical reactions.

Front

What macromolecule primarily makes up the cell membrane?

Back

Lipids are the primary macromolecules that make up the cell membrane, forming a bilayer that provides structure and regulates the movement of substances.

Front

What does it mean for a cell membrane to be selectively permeable?

Back

A selectively permeable membrane allows certain substances to pass while blocking others, thus maintaining the internal environment of the cell.

Front

What is a base in terms of pH?

Back

A base is a substance that has a pH greater than 7, indicating it can accept protons or donate electron pairs in a chemical reaction.

Front

How many independent variables should an experiment have for validity?

Back

An experiment should have only 1 independent variable to ensure that the results are due to that variable alone.

Front

Define 'substrate' in the context of enzyme activity.

Back

A substrate is the reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts, undergoing a chemical change during the reaction.

Front

What role do lipids play in the cell membrane?

Back

Lipids provide structural integrity to the cell membrane and create a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.

Front

Explain the term 'active site' in enzymes.

Back

The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Front

What is the difference between an acid and a base?

Back

An acid is a substance with a pH less than 7 that donates protons, while a base has a pH greater than 7 and accepts protons.

Front

What is the function of buffers in biological systems?

Back

Buffers help maintain a stable pH in biological systems by neutralizing excess acids or bases.