Biology EOC Review P2

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What is a Nitrogenous base?

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A nitrogenous base is a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. In DNA, the nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). They pair specifically (A with T, C with G) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder.

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What makes up the sides of a DNA ladder?

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The sides of a DNA ladder are made up of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.

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What are lipids?

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Lipids are a group of organic molecules that are insoluble in water. They include fats, oils, and waxes, and are important for energy storage, insulation, and making up cell membranes.

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What is the diploid number of chromosomes?

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The diploid number of chromosomes is the total number of chromosomes in a somatic (body) cell, which is represented by 2n. For a dog, the diploid number is 78.

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What is Translation in biology?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using messenger RNA (mRNA) as a template. It involves the decoding of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

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What is Transcription in biology?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It is the first step in gene expression, where the DNA sequence is transcribed to produce messenger RNA (mRNA).

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What is Dehydration Synthesis?

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Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the joining of two molecules with the removal of water. It is commonly used to form polymers from monomers.

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What is Hydrolysis?

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Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the breaking down of a compound by the addition of water. It is the reverse of dehydration synthesis.

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What are the four main types of macromolecules?

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The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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What is the function of proteins?

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Proteins serve a variety of functions in the body, including acting as enzymes, providing structural support, transporting molecules, and facilitating communication between cells.