AP Biology Topic 5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics

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What is Non-Mendelian Genetics?

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Non-Mendelian Genetics refers to patterns of inheritance that do not follow Mendel's laws of inheritance, including incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and polygenic traits.

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Define Incomplete Dominance.

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Incomplete dominance is a form of inheritance where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.

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What is Codominance?

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Codominance is a genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

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Explain the concept of Recombination Frequency.

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Recombination frequency is the proportion of offspring that exhibit recombinant phenotypes compared to the total number of offspring, used to determine the distance between genes on a chromosome.

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What does it mean if two genes are 'close together on the same chromosome'?

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If two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they are less likely to be separated by recombination during meiosis, leading to a lower recombination frequency.

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What is a Double Heterozygote?

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A double heterozygote is an organism that has two different alleles for two different genes, such as RrNn.

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Define the term 'Tester Cross'.

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A tester cross is a genetic cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype (but unknown genotype) and a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype of the dominant individual.

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What is the expected phenotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross?

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The expected phenotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross is typically 3:1, where three offspring display the dominant trait and one displays the recessive trait.

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What is the significance of a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

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Explain the term 'Multiple Alleles'.

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Multiple alleles refer to the presence of more than two alleles for a genetic trait within a population, such as the ABO blood group system.