Historical Terms and Concepts

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Crusades

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A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

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mercantilism

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An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing international trade.

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Renaissance

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A cultural movement that began in Italy in the 14th century, characterized by a revival of interest in classical art and learning.

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imperialism

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A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

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Cold War

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A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II.

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Enlightenment

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An intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.

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Laissez-faire

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An economic philosophy of free-market capitalism that opposes government intervention.

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Meiji Era & Restoration

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A period of rapid modernization and industrialization in Japan from 1868 to 1912.

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Mongols

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A group of nomadic tribes from Central Asia that established one of the largest empires in history.

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apartheid

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A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa.