A way of representing information using only two options.

A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.

Transmission capacity measure by bit rate.

The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time, e.g., 8 bits/sec.

Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

The universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.

To write instructions for a computer.

IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force

Develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP).

A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other.

The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.

Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

A protocol that ensures reliable transmission of data over the Internet.

The service that translates URLs to IP addresses.

HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol

The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet.

An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org).

A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be executed by a computer.

A piece of code that you can easily call over and over again (may also be referred to as a method or procedure).

A collection of commands made available to a programmer.

A description of the behavior of a command, function, library, API, etc.

A collection of commands/functions, typically with a shared purpose.

An extra piece of information that you pass to the function to customize it for a specific need.

A looping construct that defines a counting variable, checked and incremented on each iteration to loop a specific number of times.

The action of doing something repeatedly.

An encryption technique that shifts the alphabet by a set number of characters; an example of symmetric encryption.

A generic term for a technique or algorithm that performs encryption.

Attempting to decode a secret message without knowing all the specifics of the cipher.

A process that reverses encryption, reproducing the original plain text from a secret message.

A process of encoding messages to keep them secret, allowing only 'authorized' parties to read them.

Random Substitution Cipher

An encryption technique mapping each letter of the alphabet to a randomly chosen other letter; an example of symmetric encryption.

A problem for a computer that cannot be solved in a reasonable amount of time.

Asymmetric encryption

A scheme in public key encryption where the key to encrypt data is different from the key to decrypt.

A mathematical operation that returns the remainder after integer division. Example: 7 \mod 4 = 3

In asymmetric encryption, the decryption key is kept private and never shared, allowing only the intended recipient to decrypt a message encrypted with a public key.

Public Key Encryption

Allows secure messages to be sent between parties without sharing a secret key. The encryption key is public, but the decryption key is private.

An action that causes something to happen.

A program designed to run code or functions in response to specified events (e.g., a mouse click).

The visual elements of a program through which a user controls or communicates with the application. Often abbreviated UI.

Finding and fixing problems in your algorithm or program.

All values in a programming language have a "type" - such as a Number, Boolean, or String - that dictates how the computer will interpret it.

Any valid unit of code that resolves to a value.

A placeholder for a piece of information that can change.

A variable whose scope is "global" to the program, allowing it to be used and updated by any part of the code.

AP Computer Science Principles-Vocabulary Review Flashcards

Student preview

94 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Heuristic

Back

A problem-solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Lossless Compression

Back

A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Image

Back

A type of data used for graphics or pictures.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Metadata

Back

Data that describes other data. For example, a digital image may include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Lossy Compression

Back

A data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Abstraction

Back

Pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for multiple problems.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Innovation

Back

A novel or improved idea, device, product, etc., or the development thereof.

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