Anatomy EOC Review (Lymphatic, Digestive, Respiratory Systems)

Front

What is Emphysema?

Back

A chronic lung condition that destroys the alveolar walls, reducing the surface area for gas exchange, leading to shortness of breath.

Front

What are the functions of the Lymphatic System?

Back

1. Transport of excess fluids 2. Filters harmful materials out of body fluids 3. Transports white blood cells.

Front

What is the correct order of a Cell Immune Response?

Back

1. Pathogen is engulfed by a macrophage and antigen-presenting cell displays fragments (antigen) of the engulfed pathogen. 2. Helper T-cells recognize the antigens as foreign and activate B-cells. 3. B cells proliferate and release specific antibodies.

Front

What is the order of the sphincters in the digestive system?

Back

1. Esophageal/cardiac Sphincter 2. Pyloric Sphincter 3. Duodenal Sphincter 4. Anal Sphincter.

Front

What are the negative effects of gastric bypass surgery?

Back

1. Absorption through the stomach wall is affected. 2. Hydrochloric acid release is affected. 3. Pepsinogen release is affected.

Front

What is the role of macrophages in the immune response?

Back

Macrophages engulf pathogens and present their antigens to T-cells, initiating the immune response.

Front

Define the term 'antigen'.

Back

A substance that induces an immune response, typically a foreign protein or polysaccharide.

Front

What is the function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Back

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to be expelled.

Front

What is the significance of the Pyloric Sphincter?

Back

It regulates the passage of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine.

Front

What is the function of the lymph nodes?

Back

Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid and house immune cells that help fight infections.