A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting.

A form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority.

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition.

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

like Locke, believed people in their natural state were basically good but that they were corrupted by the evils of society, especially the uneven distribution of property

French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)

English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.

created the idea of checks and balances

Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means."

a 1215 document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges, idea of limited government and rule of law

English Bill of Rights

1689 laws protecting the rights of English subjects and Parliament, inspired US Bill of Rights

the first governing document of Plymouth Colony and first form of self government in the new world

Bicameral legislation

legislature made up of 2 houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate, borrowed from English parliamentary system

a system of government in which people make their own laws, usually in a democracy

The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.

A system of government in which the legislature selects the prime minister as the leader of the executive branch but is still part of the legislative branch.

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws.

A system consisting of a league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers. The central government created by such a league has only limited powers over the states.

A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state governments.

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.

Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption.

The Federalist Paper warning against faction such as interest groups and political parties

The Federalist Paper advocating three separate, independent branches with the same amount of power. Government should control people, but also its self, and individual rights should be protected. (Separation of power and checks and balances)

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

anti-federalists were worried about the tyranny of the majority and wanted safeguards in the constitution like the bill of rights to secure people's rights

Necessary and proper clause

Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government.

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.

House of representatives

the lower house of Congress, consisting of a different number of representatives from each state, depending on population

one chamber of the US Congress where each state has 2 senators and the VP is the president of the senate and acts as a tie breaker

The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population. small state plan

Connecticut compromise

Compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators.

A slave was to be counted as three-fifths of all "free persons," for purposes of both representation and taxation.

In the Constitution, the Runaway Slave Clause was a clause in which runaway slaves found in the North were required to be returned to the south. This once again shows the growing national awareness of slavery and its various laws in different areas-- need a national rule on it-- Constitutional amendment.

Stated that the government couldn't prohibit slavery, but would tax it, delegates at the Constitutional Convention agreed that the international slave trade could not be ended until at least 1808, in 1808 Congress ended the international slave trade but New England actually supported it because port towns made a lot of money from it.

Articles of confederation

A weak document that governed America during the Revolutionary War as a loose coalition of states with a weak central government with few powers

Weaknesses of the articles of confederation: no power to tax, no executive or judicial branch, no money to buy ships or pay soldiers, had to have all states agree to amend articles.

no power to tax, no executive or judicial branch, no money to buy ships or pay soldiers, had to have all states agree to amend articles

Declaration of independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain written by Thomas Jefferson

Government EOC 2024 Flashcards

Student preview

195 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Democracy

Back

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Autocracy

Back

a system of government by one person with absolute power.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Aristocracy

Back

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Plutocracy/oligarchy

Back

government of the wealthy

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Theocracy

Back

A government controlled by religious leaders

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Monarchy

Back

A government ruled by a king or queen

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Anarchy

Back

absence of government

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