CAST Basic Earth and Space Science Review

Front

What term describes the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay?

Back

Half-life: The time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.

Front

The Moon's surface shows no signs of erosion because it lacks water and an atmosphere. True or False?

Back

True: The Moon has no significant atmosphere or water, which prevents erosion.

Front

What type of rock forms from cooled magma or lava?

Back

Igneous: Rocks that form from the solidification of molten material.

Front

What is the primary driver of Earth's weather and climate?

Back

The Sun: It provides the energy that drives weather patterns and climate.

Front

The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, such as air or water, is known as ____________.

Back

Convection: A process of heat transfer through the movement of fluids.

Front

What is the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed?

Back

Sedimentation: The accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles.

Front

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Back

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the long-term average of weather patterns.

Front

What is the main component of Earth's atmosphere?

Back

Nitrogen: Comprising about 78% of the atmosphere, followed by oxygen at about 21%.

Front

What is the term for the movement of tectonic plates?

Back

Plate tectonics: The theory explaining the movement of the Earth's lithosphere.

Front

What is the greenhouse effect?

Back

The warming of Earth’s surface due to trapped heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.