The author directly uses all of the following pieces of evidence to support his argument about the relationship between exotic goods and the power of Maya rulers EXCEPT that Maya rulers

prohibited nobles and priests from wearing certain types of exotic goods reserved for rulers

Which of the following does the author cite most directly to support his argument in the third paragraph about the importance of exotic goods in the Maya region? Options: The existence of sophisticated astronomical tables, The emergence of a unified Maya kingdom based on new political models, The emergence of new systems of writing based on earlier Mesoamerican systems, The existence of unified patterns of behavior in warfare, science, and religion

The existence of unified patterns of behavior in warfare, science, and religion

Which of the following was a continuity in the development of African states in the period circa 1200–1450? Despite geographical barriers, some African states were able to maintain diplomatic and cultural contact with the broader Afro-Eurasian world.

Despite geographical barriers, some African states were able to maintain diplomatic and cultural contact with the broader Afro-Eurasian world.

Which of the following continuities in the development of African states in the period circa 1200–1450 most likely explains the prevalence of Christianity in Ethiopia? Some African states’ religious traditions continued to be influenced by cultural transfers dating back to earlier centuries. Some African states were famous for their religious toleration and for allowing multiple religious traditions to coexist in their territories. African states’ official religions were typically syncretic mixtures of several different religious traditions. While African populations mostly continued to adhere to indigenous polytheistic religions, African political elites often adopted monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam.

Some African states’ religious traditions continued to be influenced by cultural transfers dating back to earlier centuries.

Which of the following was a key similarity in the policies of the rulers of African states such as Ethiopia in the period circa 1200–1450? Options: They granted their subjects unrestricted freedom of speech. They used religion and laws to bolster their legitimacy. They faced challenges to their power from powerful merchant elites. They sought to achieve economic self-sufficiency by restricting trade contacts with other societies.

They used religion and laws to bolster their legitimacy.

King Edward lll of England, the Statue of Laborers, royal decree, 1351. The terminology used in the opening sentence of the decree was most directly influenced by which of the following? The notion that the Pope is the supreme leader of the Church, The medieval rules of chivalry and courtly etiquette, The deep influence of Christianity on medieval society and culture, The slow and uncertain nature of communications in medieval Europe.

The deep influence of Christianity on medieval society and culture

The process of “consultations with the nobles and clergy of the realm” in the making of Edward III’s decree best reflects which of the following? Options: The emergence of the concept that parliaments, rather than kings, had ultimate political authority in European states, The fragmented, decentralized nature of European feudal monarchies, The legacy of Roman imperial political traditions on medieval European states, European rulers’ practice of making harsh legislation more palatable by claiming it was part of God’s will

The fragmented, decentralized nature of European feudal monarchies

The need for legal action to address the “grave inconveniences” that might result from the labor shortages described in the passage most likely resulted from: the agrarian nature of medieval European economies and their reliance on coerced labor, the inability of members of the nobility and other feudal lords to take direct legal action against their workers and serfs, the high social rank and economic standing of plowmen in medieval English society, the presence of guild regulations prohibiting agricultural laborers from working more than a certain number of hours each week.

the agrarian nature of medieval European economies and their reliance on coerced labor

The general pattern of nomadic conquest followed by the assimilation of the conquerors into the cultures of the conquered societies was most clearly expressed in which of the following developments in the period circa 1250–1450? Options: The rulers of the Mali Empire converting to Islam through the influence of North African merchants and missionaries, The rulers of the Yuan dynasty adopting Chinese court culture and methods of rule, Trading states in Southeast Asia such as the Khmer and Srivijaya empires adopting syncretic Hindu-Buddhist practices, Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans expanding their output because of a rising demand for luxury goods in Afro-Eurasia.

The rulers of the Yuan dynasty adopting Chinese court culture and methods of rule

Which of the following developments in the period circa 1250–1450 represents a situation that is the opposite of nomadic conquerors assimilating into the cultures of the conquered societies? Conquered peoples being drawn into their conquerors’ economic and cultural orbits, as illustrated by Turkic peoples converting to Islam and integrating into Muslim societies Merchants establishing diasporic communities and introducing their own traditions into the indigenous cultures, as illustrated by South Asian Muslim merchants spreading Islam to the islands of Southeast Asia Settled societies successfully resisting nomadic encroachments, as illustrated by the Mamluks of Egypt defeating the Mongols or Muscovy expelling the Golden Horde from Russia Conquering states fragmenting into several units because of political and social friction, as illustrated by the breakup of the Mongol Empire into individual khanates

Conquered peoples being drawn into their conquerors’ economic and cultural orbits, as illustrated by Turkic peoples converting to Islam and integrating into Muslim societies.

The Mongol conquests resulted in all of the following developments EXCEPT: a revival of trade on the overland Silk Roads, transfers of scientific and technological knowledge, the spread of pathogens across Eurasia, including the bubonic plague

the initial diffusion of Buddhism and Christianity to East Asia

The “long stays in harbors” mentioned in the description of the sea journeys in the first paragraph were most likely necessary because Indian Ocean maritime trade in the period circa 1200–1450

had to take into account environmental factors such as the timing and direction of the monsoons

Based on the pattern of trade described in the third paragraph, the Egyptian karim merchants were most likely directly involved in which of the following broader developments in the Indian Ocean in the period circa 1200–1450? Options: The establishment of diasporic merchant communities, The transfer of European scientific knowledge to South Asia, The creation of new monotheistic religions, The introduction of new financial innovations such as paper money

The establishment of diasporic merchant communities

The pattern of trade described in the passage was most characteristic of which of the following types of goods in the period 1200–1450? Daily food staples such as bread or milk, Bulk commodities such as grain or coal, Luxury goods such as spices or porcelain, Livestock such as pigs or cattle

Luxury goods such as spices or porcelain

In the period circa 1200–1450, which of the following most directly enabled merchants to bring salt and other bulk products to markets in sub-Saharan Africa? Options: The diffusion of new maritime technologies such as the lateen sail, The adoption of innovative practices in overland trading, such as the use of camel caravans and saddles, The transfer of East Asian technologies to western Afro-Eurasia during the period of Pax Mongolica , The shared use of the Arabic language and common practice of Islam by both North African and sub-Saharan merchant communities

The adoption of innovative practices in overland trading, such as the use of camel caravans and saddles

Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in the passage?

To portray his patron as a generous supporter of the sciences and a man of unusual intelligence

Which of the following best describes the historical situation in Eurasia at the time the passage was written? Frequent warfare limited the opportunities for cultural, scientific, and artistic innovation. Political upheaval and reorganization increased cultural and scientific exchanges across regions. Revived long-distance trade spread pathogens and infections to regions that had not been previously affected by them. The invention and spread of new weapons and military tactics radically transformed the global balance of power.

Political upheaval and reorganization increased cultural and scientific exchanges across regions.

Which of the following best describes the historical circumstances of Rashid al-Din’s career?

His career illustrates the possibilities for diffusion and intermingling of cultures brought about by the Mongol conquests.

A comparison between the data for the three manors shown in the table best illustrates which of the following about the bubonic plague? Options: It was equally devastating across all areas of western Europe. It had virtually no effect on the populations of some regions of England. In some but not all areas, the population was beginning to recover by 1400. In most areas, the population reverted to pre-1320 levels by 1400.

In some but not all areas, the population was beginning to recover by 1400.

Which of the following best describes the change in the total population of males age 12 and older in the three manors shown in the table from 1320 to 1400?

It declined to less than a half of its 1320 level (over 50% decline).

The conduct of the siege as described in the passage could best be used to explain which of the following processes in the period 1450–1750? Options: The transmission of new weapons along trade networks, The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states, The use of new weapons to establish trading-post empires, The development of new processes of manufacturing to create new weapons

The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states

The type of warfare described in the passage most directly helps to explain which of the following sixteenth-century developments? The growing political influence of religious scholars at the Ottoman court, The granting of substantial religious and legal autonomy to Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire, The intensification of political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East, The decline of the importance of the Janissaries in the Ottoman army

The intensification of political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East

The relationship between levels of military personnel and state revenues as shown in the table is best understood in the context of which of the following global developments in the period 1450–1750? Options: As military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to develop new ways to generate revenue., As agricultural technology became more advanced, less people were needed to farm and more people were able to be enrolled in state militaries., As commercial profits and urbanization increased, states were able to obtain more revenue., As states expanded their territories, they were able to acquire access to more natural resources.

As military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to develop new ways to generate revenue.

The trends in military personnel and state revenue shown in the table are best understood in the context of which of the following changes in the relationship between states and local elites in the period 1450–1750?

States increasingly centralized their authority at the expense of local elites.

Which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 is best understood as a response to the trends shown in the table? Options: The creation of divine-right theories of monarchy, The creation of larger state bureaucracies, The emergence of tribute collection as a form of taxation, The emergence of banking systems

The creation of larger state bureaucracies

A historian would most likely interpret the rhetoric in the passage as evidence that rulers of imperial states in the period circa 1450–1750 continued to

use religious ideas to highlight their political legitimacy and attack the legitimacy of their enemies

Which of the following aspects of the international situation in early sixteenth-century southwest Asia is most relevant to understanding Sultan Selim’s letter? Options: The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East. Both the Ottoman and Safavid empires developed extensive trade connections with European states and states in the Indian Ocean region. Both the Ottoman and Safavid empires made use of gunpowder weapons in the course of their territorial expansion. The Ottoman and Safavid empires brought a high degree of centralization to parts of southwest Asia that had been politically fragmented before.

The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East.

The author uses all of the following as evidence to support his argument about the impact of smallpox on Native American populations EXCEPT: many Native Americans who contracted smallpox died from it, the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox, the Native Americans feared smallpox more than any other disease, smallpox was widespread among Native Americans.

the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox

The author invokes which of the following to support his claim that smallpox’s impact on European settlers was different from its impact on Native Americans? Options: Pseudoscientific theories of European racial superiority, Evidence from population genetics, Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs, Protestant ideas about hard work and economic success as markers of personal virtue

Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs

The passage implies that the author was aware of smallpox being an infectious disease. Which of the following can best be cited as evidence of that claim? The author’s statement that Native Americans lived in a “trading house” near the English settlement, The author’s statement that smallpox was so debilitating that those afflicted with it could not “make a fire, or fetch water to drink”, The author’s statement that the English settlers “took pity” at the sight of the Native Americans’ suffering, The author’s statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though “many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks”

The author’s statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though “many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks”

The contents of the letter are best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of the historical situation in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1600s?

Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa.

The point of view expressed by the Dutch West India Company’s directors in the letter can best be described as

seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially

The report’s position on the proposed transfer of Luanda to the Dutch is best understood in light of the authors’ goal to

secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade

Which of the following best describes the author’s argument in the first paragraph? The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for slaves justified., Barbadian slaves are punished more leniently than slaves working on the larger plantations of French Caribbean islands., Plantation owners who punish their slaves too harshly are not fulfilling their duties as Christians to treat the less fortunate kindly., The punishments of slaves in Barbados are the result of a long experience of deadly slave uprisings and anti-planter violence on the island.

The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for slaves justified.

Which of the following best describes the author’s claim in the second paragraph? Options: The extensive mining of precious metals on Caribbean islands has destroyed the islands’ natural environment. Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy. Slave political grievances are threatening the political order in American colonial societies. Barbadian plantation owners are the wealthiest social group in the Caribbean.

Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy.

Which of the following is an implicit argument made by the author in the passage? The current political and economic makeup of European colonies in the Caribbean is not sustainable over the long term. Christianity will provide a solution to the social ills of colonial societies in the Caribbean. Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits. It is incumbent upon France to try to wrest control of Barbados from Great Britain.

Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits.

As outlined in the passage, the provisions of the agreement can best be used to illustrate which of the following aspects of state building in Eurasia in the period circa 1450–1750? Options: Mercantilist philosophy continued to inform the economic and social policies of many states. Many states were able to consolidate their political systems and eliminate challenges to monarchical power. Religious differences stopped being a significant factor in the weakening and fragmentation of imperial states. Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule.

Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule.

The privileges discussed in the last two paragraphs of the passage best demonstrate that in some instances in the period 1450–1750

internal challenges to state power could lead to the establishment of new state-like structures within existing states

The fact that the Russian tsar insisted in the last paragraph that some ambassadors be treated differently from others best illustrates which of the following about international politics in the period circa 1650–1750?

Russia had encountered significant resistance to its plans for further territorial expansion from some of the established states in eastern and southern Europe.

AP World History Modern Units 1-8 MCQ Prep

Flashcard

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History, Social Studies

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10th Grade

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Practice Problem

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Hard

Wayground Content

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FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate most directly led to which of the following political developments in the Islamic world in the thirteenth century? Options: The Russian conquest of Central Asia, The rise of Turkic states, The conversion of most of the Islamic world to Shi‘a Islam, The collapse of trade along the Silk Road networks

Back

The rise of Turkic states

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Despite the disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate, Islam continued to spread across Afro-Eurasia in the period 1200–1450 primarily because of which of the following? The conquest of the Christian Crusader States in the Levant, The activities of Sufi missionaries, The voyages of the Muslim eunuch Zheng He, The translation activities of Muslim scholars

Back

The activities of Sufi missionaries

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The combination between religious and political aspects in the Abbasid state’s concept of rulership is best reflected in which of the following? The Abbasid state had an influential Sunni religious class that often came into conflict with the state., The Abbasid state often allowed local rulers considerable autonomy., The Abbasid state patronized the construction of religious buildings such as mosques., The Abbasid state was headed by a caliph who was theoretically the state’s supreme religious and political leader.

Back

The Abbasid state was headed by a caliph who was theoretically the state’s supreme religious and political leader.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph of the inscription? Options: King Adityawarman was a bodhisattva., King Adityawarman was a Buddhist teacher., Statues of Buddhist divine figures could spiritually benefit everyone., Statues of Buddhist teachers were revered by rulers and common people.

Back

Statues of Buddhist divine figures could spiritually benefit everyone.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The claim in the second paragraph that the king has become “free from all physical desire” can best be understood to mean that

Back

in Vedic religions, rejecting worldly concerns in order to attain spiritual perfection was considered a virtue.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which of the following is an argument in the second paragraph of the inscription regarding King Adityawarman?

Back

His spiritual attributes and worldly achievements made him a powerful and legitimate ruler.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author’s conclusion about the importance of exotic goods to the Maya region’s economy? Exotic goods were exchanged over long distances within the Maya lowlands. Exotic goods were traded between the Maya city-states and neighboring states. The exchange of exotic goods went hand in hand with the exchange of information. The Maya region depended on the trade in exotic goods because of relatively low levels of agricultural production.

Back

Exotic goods were exchanged over long distances within the Maya lowlands.

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