Chemistry Terms

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Alkali Metals

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A group of chemical elements in the periodic table with similar properties: they are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure.

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Alkaline Earth Metals

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A group of elements in the periodic table with similar properties: they are shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure.

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Halogens

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A group of elements in the periodic table known for being highly reactive nonmetals with seven valence electrons.

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Noble Gases

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A group of chemical elements with similar properties under standard conditions: they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.

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Metallic Character

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The level of reactivity of a metal. It is an indication of how easily an atom can lose an electron.

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Period

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A horizontal row in the periodic table, which signifies the number of electron shells in the elements.

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Group

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A vertical column in the periodic table, which signifies elements with similar chemical behaviors.

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Atomic Radius

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The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electron shell.

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Ionization Energy

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The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.

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Electronegativity

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A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.