DMK40173 Topic 1 introduction to Statistics, Data, and Sampling

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What is Statistics?

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The science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data for the purpose of making informed conclusions and decisions.

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Define Population in statistics.

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The entire group of people or objects being studied.

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What is a Sample?

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A small group selected from the population, ideally a random sample that is representative.

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What is a Variable?

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A characteristic or attribute of a population that is being studied.

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What is Data?

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Information gathered from qualitative and quantitative variables.

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What are Qualitative Variables?

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Variables that express quality or category, such as gender or hair color.

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What are Quantitative Variables?

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Variables that can be measured on a numeric scale, such as height or weight.

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What are Nominal Variables?

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Qualitative variables that cannot be ranked or ordered, e.g., gender or race.

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What are Ordinal Variables?

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Qualitative variables with clear ordering, e.g., pain scale ratings.

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Define Discrete Variables.

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Variables that assume a finite or countable number of possible values, obtained by counting.