Industrialization and Urbanization

Front

Cities grew around factories in previously quiet market towns.

Back

Industrial growth reshaped local economies.

Front

Manchester's population grew from 17,000 to 70,000 by 1801.

Back

Significant population increase due to industrialization.

Front

The Industrial Revolution created two new social classes: middle and working classes.

Back

Social structure changed with industrial growth.

Front

Middle class members were merchants, factory owners, inventors, skilled artisans, or professionals.

Back

Diverse occupations characterized the middle class.

Front

The Luddites protested machines taking jobs by smashing them and burning factories.

Back

Resistance to industrialization was met with violence.

Front

Factory work made life harder for women.

Back

Women worked 12 or more hours a day and still had to care for their homes and families.

Front

Role of women and children in mines.

Back

They worked in mines, carting heavy loads and performing labor-intensive tasks.

Front

Family dependence on child salaries.

Back

Families relied on children's earnings for survival.

Front

Children's work in textile mills.

Back

Children changed spools or repaired machines, often breathing in dust.

Front

The Sadler Report.

Back

Contained firsthand accounts of harsh conditions for child workers.