Understanding DNA

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Changes to DNA over a lifetime

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Over a lifetime, DNA undergoes changes due to cell divisions and environmental factors, which can lead to mutations or damage.

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Parts of DNA strands

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1. The genetic code that tells your body’s cells how to function. 2. Caps of genetic information called telomeres which protect your important DNA.

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Issue with the lagging strand during DNA replication

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The last Okazaki fragment may go over the end of the strand, leaving a bit of DNA unpaired and cut off, leading to nucleotide loss over many divisions.

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Diagram of DNA polymerase activity

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Diagram of DNA polymerase activity on leading and lagging strands.

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Okazaki fragment

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Short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

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Necessary enzymes needed for DNA replication.

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Helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, ligase, and topoisomerase.

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Foods that help to extend your lifespan

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Foods like blueberries, nuts, fish, and spinach help to extend your lifespan by providing essential nutrients for DNA methylation.

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Enzymes

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Enzymes are proteins which help to speed up chemical reactions in the cell by lowering the activation temperature of the reaction.

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DNA Methylation

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DNA methylation is an epigenetic process in which methyl groups are added to DNA, primarily at the cytosine bases.

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TERT mRNA

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TERT mRNA is a synthetic messenger RNA which encodes the TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) protein.