Biology: 2nd Semester Exam

Front

What are the four principles of natural selection?

Back

1. Variation: Individuals in a population have variations in traits. 2. Inheritance: Traits are passed from parents to offspring. 3. Overproduction: More offspring are produced than can survive. 4. Differential Survival: Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Front

What is natural selection?

Back

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is an action potential in neurons?

Back

An action potential is a rapid change in electrical charge across a neuron's membrane, allowing the transmission of signals.

Front

What can be inferred if a baby has blood type O?

Back

Neither parent can have type AB blood, as type O is recessive.

Front

What is the function of neurons?

Back

Neurons transmit signals throughout the body, facilitating communication between different parts of the nervous system.

Front

What is the structure of a neuron?

Back

A neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Front

What is the significance of variation in a population?

Back

Variation provides the raw material for natural selection, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments.

Front

How do mutations contribute to evolution?

Back

Mutations introduce new genetic variations, which can lead to new traits that may be beneficial for survival.

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics.