Earth Science, History, and People

Learn the difference between weather and climate

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the average of these conditions over longer periods.

Earth systems and climate

Earth systems include the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, all of which interact to influence climate.

Positive feedback vs. negative feedback loops

Positive feedback amplifies changes, while negative feedback reduces them, helping to maintain stability.

Interconnectedness of Earth systems

Earth systems are interconnected, meaning changes in one system can affect others.

Input -> process -> output

This concept describes a system where inputs are transformed by processes to produce outputs.

Weather vs. Climate: Variables

- Temperature - Atmospheric pressure - Humidity & precipitation - Cloud cover - Wind speed

Weather vs. Climate: Timescale

- Weather: hours to weeks - Climate: decades

Weather vs. Climate: Definition

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate describes long-term patterns over decades.

Definition of Climate

Climate is defined as conditions for Earth or regions averaged over decades, including seasonal and daily variations.

Factors Climate Depends On

Regionally, climate depends on latitude, altitude, hemisphere (north or south), and geography.

Latitude's Influence on Climate

Latitude affects climate through trade-winds, ocean circulation, and solar energy.

Altitude's Role in Climate

Altitude influences climate by affecting temperature and wind patterns.

Geography's Impact on Climate

Geography impacts climate through topography, ocean currents, and location within a continent.

Regionally, climate depends on latitude, altitude, hemisphere, and geography.

Factors affecting regional climate.

Globally, climate depends on geography, greenhouse gases, and feedbacks between climate system components.

Factors affecting global climate.

Components of the Climate System

The climate system consists of the Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere. Key elements include solar heating, volcanic activity, and human activities.

Land surface absorbs and modifies solar energy

The land surface plays a role in absorbing and altering solar energy.

Topography affects wind and rain patterns

The shape and features of the land influence wind and rain distribution.

Volcanism affects gas & dust (aerosol) levels in atmosphere

Volcanic activity impacts the levels of gases and dust in the atmosphere.

Continental configuration affects ocean circulation

The arrangement of continents influences how ocean currents move.

Rocks chemically react with atmosphere to remove CO₂

Rocks interact with the atmosphere to help reduce carbon dioxide levels.

Images of mountains and a volcanic eruption

Visual representation of the lithosphere, including mountains and volcanic activity.

Includes plants, animals, microbes, marine, and terrestrial life.

Photosynthesis and atmospheric composition

Photosynthesis helps regulate atmospheric composition by using CO₂ and creating O₂.

Photosynthesis and solar energy

Photosynthesis absorbs solar energy, affecting water vapor and atmospheric temperature.

Visual representation of the biosphere, showing diverse ecosystems.

Main components of the atmosphere

- Nitrogen (78 vol%) - Oxygen (21 vol%) - Argon (0.92%)

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

- Carbon dioxide (0.04%) - Water vapor - Methane - Ozone - Nitrous oxide

Illustration of atmospheric phenomena

Diagram of a large cumulus cloud in the sky with trees in the foreground.

Hydrosphere: Surface Currents

Surface currents are generated by atmospheric winds and warm the Eastern US and Europe.

Hydrosphere: Thermo-Haline Ocean Circulation

The process where surface water sinks at high latitudes due to increased density from cooling and increased salinity.

Deep Currents: Cold currents flow

Cold currents flow in the deep ocean until they are turned upward because of basin geometry.

Deep Currents: Water warming

After cold currents flow upward, the water then warms.

Week 7-8 Pt 1 GEL 001 Flashcard

Student preview

95 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

GEL 1

Back

The Earth [for your friends]

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

GEL 2

Back

Earth System Science

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

GEL 3

Back

History of Life

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

GEL 10

Back

Modern & Ancient Global Environmental Change

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

GEL 12

Back

Dinosaurs

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

GEL 16

Back

Oceans

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

GEL 17

Back

Earthquakes & Natural Hazards

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