Legal Terms 1

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Plaintiff

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The party initiating the suit at the trial court level

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Statute

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An act of the state or federal legislative body; a law

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Stare Decisis

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To stand by a decided case

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Defendant

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The party against whom the suit or action is brought

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Writ of Certiorari

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Appeal or a petition to bring a case to a higher court

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Constitution of the United States

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The basic law of the land

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14th Amendment

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Guarantees due process of law

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Lemon Test

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Ensures the establishment clause is not violated by determining if a practice has a secular purpose that neither advances nor inhibits religion, and that it does not create excessive entanglement between the state and religion

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Bill of Rights

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Represents the primary source of individual rights and freedoms under the US Constitution; fundamental liberties of free people

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Establishment Clause

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Prohibits the state from passing laws that aid a religion or show preference of one religion over another.