DNA, RNA, and Protein

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins by carrying the genetic information from DNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

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What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

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What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process where the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is read by ribosomes to synthesize a protein.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in RNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in RNA are Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Back

Thymine (T) is found in DNA but is replaced by Uracil (U) in RNA.

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What is an anticodon?

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An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA.

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What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.