A small number written after a chemical symbol in a formula that tells how many atoms of that element are in a molecule

A way to show a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas. It shows what goes in and what comes out

What comes out of a chemical reaction

What goes into a chemical reaction

A substance that tastes sour and can turn blue litmus paper red. Acids have a pH less than 7

A substance that tastes bitter and feels slippery. Bases turn red litmus paper blue and have a pH greater than 7

The amount of matter in an object

The amount of space an object takes up

How much mass is in a certain amount of space. It tells how tightly packed the matter is. Density = $$\frac{Mass}{Volume}$$

Organic compounds are chemical compounds that contain carbon atoms and are usually found in living things. Most organic compounds also contain hydrogen, and sometimes oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements.

Characteristics of organic compounds

All organic compounds have carbon, usually hydrogen, and are found in living things.

Different types of subatomic particles

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles that contribute to the mass of an atom (1 amu). Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles that contribute to the mass of an atom (1 amu). Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that contribute 1/2000 amu to the mass (so we do not count them for this class).

Finding the number of subatomic particles in an atom

The protons of an atom are equal to the atomic number, which can be found on the periodic table. The neutrons can be found by subtracting the number of protons from the atomic mass of the atom. In a neutral atom, the electrons are equal to the number of protons.

A substance made of different types of atoms bonded together. For example, H_2O.

The smallest unit of a compound that keeps the same chemical properties

A molecule, since a compound is made up of two or more different types of atoms, like H_2O.

Elements found in a nucleic acid

Nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Use the acronym CHONPS.

Determining if a compound is organic or inorganic

If it contains carbon, it is organic.

What the pH scale tells us

The pH scale tells us how acidic or basic a substance is.

Sour taste, corrosive to metals, turn blue litmus paper red, pH less than 7, react with metals.

Bitter taste, slippery feel, turn red litmus paper blue, pH greater than 7, corrosive to organic materials.

Trend of reactivity on the periodic table.

The reactivity of an element is its ability to participate in chemical reactions. Reactivity is greater on the left side of the periodic table and decreases to the right.

Trend of atomic mass on the periodic table.

Atomic mass increases from left to right and increases as you go down the periodic table.

Location of metals on the periodic table.

Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table.

Properties of metals.

Shiny, good conductors, malleable, ductile, solid at room temperature.

Location of nonmetals on the periodic table.

Nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table.

Properties of nonmetals.

Dull, poor conductors, brittle, can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.

Location of metalloids on the periodic table.

Metalloids are found in the 'staircase' on the periodic table (in between metals and nonmetals).

Properties of metalloids.

Sometimes shiny, sometimes dull, semiconductors, brittle.

Reactivity of noble gases.

Atoms want to be stable, and they become stable when their outer shell is full. Noble gases already have a complete outer shell, so they don’t need to gain, lose, or share electrons like other elements do.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. This means the total mass of the stuff you start with (reactants) is always the same as the total mass of the stuff you end up with (products).

Difference between coefficients and subscripts in a chemical formula

Coefficients tell you how many molecules you have, subscripts tell you how many atoms you have.

How to tell if a reaction is balanced

The number of atoms of each type of element must be equal in the products and reactants.

Elements found in proteins

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur

Elements found in nucleic acids

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

When two or more forces acting on an object are equal in size but opposite in direction, so the object doesn’t change its motion.

When forces on an object are not equal, causing the object to speed up, slow down, or change direction.

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Also called the law of inertia. An object will stay still or keep moving at the same speed and direction unless a force acts on it.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the force applied.

Semester 2 Final Study Guide Flashcards

Student preview

61 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Atom

Back

The smallest unit of matter

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Element

Back

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Molecule

Back

Two or more atoms joined together (can be the same or different types of atoms)

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Compound

Back

A substance made of different types of atoms bonded together

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Surface tension

Back

A "skin-like" surface that forms on liquids, like water, caused by the attraction between water molecules

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Cohesion

Back

When molecules of the same kind stick together

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Adhesion

Back

When molecules of different kinds stick together

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