Pharmacology: Drug Excretion and safe effective medicine

Front

What is excretion in pharmacology?

Back

Excretion is the removal of the drug and its metabolites from the body.

Front

Through which organs can drugs be excreted?

Back

Drugs can be excreted through the kidneys, liver, lungs, skin, milk, or saliva.

Front

Which organ is primarily responsible for drug excretion?

Back

Most of the drugs are excreted through the kidneys.

Front

What factors affect kidney excretion?

Back

Factors affecting kidney excretion include: Blood flow, Impaired kidney function, Urine pH, and drug properties.

Front

How does the liver contribute to drug excretion?

Back

The liver can excrete drugs into bile, which enters the intestine and is eliminated in faeces.

Front

What substances are excreted by the lungs?

Back

The lungs excrete carbon dioxide and volatile substances such as anaesthetic gases via exhalation.

Front

How are lipophilic and alkaline drugs excreted?

Back

Lipophilic and alkaline drugs can cross the membrane and be excreted into breast milk.

Front

What are the benefits of safe, effective medicine?

Back

Safe, effective medicine can maximise therapeutic effect, minimise adverse effects, enhance patients' adherence, reduce healthcare costs, and protect vulnerable populations.

Front

What are adverse drug reactions?

Back

Adverse drug reactions are unwanted and harmful reactions to drugs at normal doses.

Front

What are the types of adverse drug reactions?

Back

Types of adverse drug reactions are Augmented, Bizarre, Continuing, Delayed, or End-of-use.