Flashcards- Ch 5 Part I: Polymers, Carbs, & Nucleic Acids

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Polymerization

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The process of linking monomers to form a polymer.

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Carbohydrates

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Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, providing energy and structural support.

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Nucleic Acids

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Macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information, such as DNA and RNA.

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DNA Structure

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DNA is a double helix structure composed of nucleotides.

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Carbohydrate-rich Foods

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Foods rich in carbohydrates include bread, pasta, rice, and fruits.

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POLYMER

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A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar subunits connected together.

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MONOMER

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A subunit or building block molecule of a polymer.

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MACROMOLECULE

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A large molecule. Biological examples include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. All are polymers except lipids.

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Polymerization reactions

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Chemical reactions that link two or more monomers to form a polymer with repeating structural units. (Ex: Condensation reactions aka dehydration synthesis reactions)

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Condensation reactions (a.k.a. dehydration synthesis)

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Polymerization reactions where monomers are covalently linked, producing a net removal of a water molecule for each covalent linkage.

This is an anabolic process.

The process requires energy and biological catalysts (enzymes).