Module 4

Front

What is an activating group in organic chemistry?

Back

An activating group is a substituent that increases the reactivity of a compound in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Front

Which groups are considered activating groups?

Back

Electron-donating groups (EDGs) such as -OCH3, -NHR, and alkyl groups.

Front

What is the role of halogens in electrophilic aromatic substitution?

Back

Halogens are considered deactivating groups despite being able to direct substitution to the ortho and para positions.

Front

What is Friedel-Crafts alkylation?

Back

A reaction that introduces an alkyl group into an aromatic ring using an alkyl halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Front

Which reagent cannot undergo Friedel-Crafts alkylation?

Back

Reagents that are too sterically hindered or contain a strong electron-withdrawing group.

Front

What is the product of a reaction with no suitable electrophile?

Back

There is no product.

Front

What are the reagents used in nitration of benzene?

Back

Nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Front

What does EDG stand for?

Back

Electron-Drawing Group.

Front

What is the effect of electron-withdrawing groups on aromatic compounds?

Back

They decrease the reactivity of the compound in electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Front

What is the significance of the ortho/para directing effect?

Back

It determines the positions where new substituents will be added to the aromatic ring.