BIOL 2301 Final Exam Review

Front

What is the correct order of events in muscle contraction?

Back

1. Motor neuron AP 2. Neurotransmitter release 3. Muscle cell AP 4. Release of Ca from SR 5. ATP-driven power stroke 6. Sliding of myofilaments

Front

What is the pattern used in endochondral ossification for forming long bones?

Back

Hyaline cartilage

Front

What describes secondary active transport across a membrane?

Back

Glucose moving across the membrane against its concentration gradient using the movement of sodium ions moving along their gradient.

Front

What type of feedback mechanism is illustrated by low thyroid hormone levels stimulating the thyroid gland to secrete more hormone?

Back

Negative feedback

Front

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Back

Gives the body its overall shape, loss of this function can be seen with the drooping of skin with age.

Front

Define muscle cell action potential (AP).

Back

A rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a muscle cell is stimulated, leading to muscle contraction.

Front

What is the role of calcium ions (Ca) in muscle contraction?

Back

Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to troponin, allowing myosin to bind to actin and initiate contraction.

Front

Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.

Back

The sliding filament theory states that muscle contraction occurs when myosin filaments slide past actin filaments, shortening the muscle fiber.

Front

What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Back

The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the electrochemical gradient.

Front

What is homeostasis?

Back

Homeostasis is the process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.